Valgavoth, Harrower of Souls (Commander) - Expensive Optimized Burn

Background image for Five Painfully Simple Ways to Play Weird Rakdos
Arnaud Gompertz
Oct 29, 2025
Five Painfully Simple Ways to Play Weird Rakdos
Arnaud continues his Branching Out series by looking at some off-kilter ideas for brewing fun decks in Rakdos (black and red).
Deck Filters
Cardsphere
Archidekt
Commander Spellbook
Moxfield
Scryfall
MTGStocks
Mai, Scornful Striker
50%inclusion3 decks6 decks
46%synergy
Redirect Lightning
22%inclusion2 decks9 decks
15%synergy
The Last Agni Kai
17%inclusion1 decks6 decks
9%synergy
Ozai, the Phoenix King
17%inclusion1 decks6 decks
15%synergy
Fang, Roku's Companion
17%inclusion1 decks6 decks
15%synergy
High Synergy Cards
Sheoldred, the Apocalypse
100%inclusion11 decks11 decks
93%synergy
Kederekt Parasite
100%inclusion11 decks11 decks
88%synergy
Razorkin Needlehead
100%inclusion11 decks11 decks
87%synergy
Roiling Vortex
91%inclusion10 decks11 decks
83%synergy
Deflecting Swat
100%inclusion11 decks11 decks
80%synergy
Bloodchief Ascension
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
67%synergy
Wheel of Fortune
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
67%synergy
Urborg, Tomb of Yawgmoth
82%inclusion9 decks11 decks
63%synergy
Ankh of Mishra
64%inclusion7 decks11 decks
61%synergy
Underworld Dreams
64%inclusion7 decks11 decks
56%synergy
Top Cards
Deadly Rollick
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
52%synergy
Dark Ritual
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
31%synergy
Reanimate
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
50%synergy
Chaos Warp
64%inclusion7 decks11 decks
15%synergy
Lightning Greaves
64%inclusion7 decks11 decks
29%synergy
Mogis, God of Slaughter
64%inclusion7 decks11 decks
54%synergy
Rakdos Charm
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
11%synergy
Solphim, Mayhem Dominus
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
45%synergy
Bloodthirsty Conqueror
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
49%synergy
Fire Covenant
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
38%synergy
Game Changers
Demonic Tutor
100%inclusion11 decks11 decks
82%synergy
Orcish Bowmasters
100%inclusion11 decks11 decks
89%synergy
Ancient Tomb
91%inclusion10 decks11 decks
81%synergy
Vampiric Tutor
91%inclusion10 decks11 decks
77%synergy
Imperial Seal
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
68%synergy
Chrome Mox
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
67%synergy
Mox Diamond
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
69%synergy
Jeska's Will
64%inclusion7 decks11 decks
39%synergy
The One Ring
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
46%synergy
Opposition Agent
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
31%synergy
Creatures
Zo-Zu the Punisher
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
42%synergy
Scrawling Crawler
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
36%synergy
Ragavan, Nimble Pilferer
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
35%synergy
Rampaging Ferocidon
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
38%synergy
Blood Seeker
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
38%synergy
Ob Nixilis, Captive Kingpin
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
41%synergy
Fate Unraveler
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
37%synergy
Persistent Constrictor
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
38%synergy
Rug of Smothering
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
41%synergy
Deadpool, Trading Card
40%inclusion4 decks10 decks
36%synergy
Magebane Lizard
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
32%synergy
Twinflame Tyrant
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
32%synergy
Mayhem Devil
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
12%synergy
Gleeful Arsonist
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
25%synergy
Eidolon of the Great Revel
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
26%synergy
The Lord of Pain
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
17%synergy
Ojer Axonil, Deepest Might
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
22%synergy
Professional Face-Breaker
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Xantcha, Sleeper Agent
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
13%synergy
Rakdos, Lord of Riots
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
11%synergy
Harsh Mentor
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
11%synergy
Gray Merchant of Asphodel
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Simian Spirit Guide
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
12%synergy
Sunspine Lynx
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
16%synergy
Unstoppable Slasher
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
15%synergy
Nightshade Harvester
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
12%synergy
Dualcaster Mage
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Archfiend of Despair
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
15%synergy
Kediss, Emberclaw Familiar
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
16%synergy
Dauthi Voidwalker
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
10%synergy
Pinnacle Monk
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
11%synergy
Avatar Roku, Firebender
17%inclusion1 decks6 decks
10%synergy
Kratos, God of War
14%inclusion1 decks7 decks
14%synergy
Jaws, Relentless Predator
14%inclusion1 decks7 decks
14%synergy
Kuja, Genome Sorcerer
10%inclusion1 decks10 decks
7%synergy
Sephiroth, Fabled SOLDIER
10%inclusion1 decks10 decks
8%synergy
Avalanche of Sector 7
10%inclusion1 decks10 decks
9%synergy
Shadow the Hedgehog
10%inclusion1 decks10 decks
9%synergy
Dragon's Rage Channeler
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Inferno Titan
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Syr Konrad, the Grim
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
0%synergy
Oliphaunt
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Hoarding Broodlord
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
4%synergy
Erebos, God of the Dead
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Dark Confidant
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
5%synergy
Troll of Khazad-dûm
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Blood Artist
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
-10%synergy
Rowan, Scion of War
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Roaming Throne
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Bone Miser
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Instants
Untimely Malfunction
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
27%synergy
Tibalt's Trickery
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
32%synergy
Red Elemental Blast
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
36%synergy
Pyroblast
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
36%synergy
Lightning Bolt
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
19%synergy
Cabal Ritual
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
28%synergy
Bolt Bend
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
27%synergy
Fell the Profane
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
15%synergy
Entomb
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
20%synergy
Imp's Mischief
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
18%synergy
Soul Shatter
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
23%synergy
Abrade
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Dismember
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
23%synergy
Valakut Awakening
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
19%synergy
Go for the Throat
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
10%synergy
Snuff Out
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
14%synergy
Terminate
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
-21%synergy
Burnt Offering
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
13%synergy
Pyretic Ritual
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
13%synergy
Delayed Blast Fireball
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
13%synergy
Malakir Rebirth
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Baleful Mastery
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
16%synergy
Saw in Half
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Withering Torment
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
-4%synergy
Force of Despair
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Tainted Pact
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Thrill of Possibility
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
-9%synergy
Return the Favor
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Desperate Ritual
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
5%synergy
Wild Magic Surge
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Kolaghan's Command
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Culling the Weak
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Seething Song
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
-2%synergy
Slaughter Pact
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Withering Boon
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Darkness
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Tainted Strike
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Ad Nauseam
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Ghostfire Slice
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Bedevil
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
-26%synergy
Warping Wail
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Smash to Smithereens
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Price of Progress
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Null Elemental Blast
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Flare of Duplication
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
4%synergy
Sorceries
Feed the Swarm
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Toxic Deluge
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
27%synergy
Vandalblast
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Blasphemous Act
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
-15%synergy
Dark Deal
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
35%synergy
Damnation
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
29%synergy
Diabolic Intent
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
19%synergy
Torment of Hailfire
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
21%synergy
Chandra's Ignition
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
21%synergy
Faithless Looting
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
-10%synergy
Rite of Flame
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
13%synergy
Gamble
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Grim Tutor
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
13%synergy
Winds of Change
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
17%synergy
Will of the Jeskai
10%inclusion1 decks10 decks
8%synergy
Megaton's Fate
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Rush of Dread
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Wheel of Misfortune
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
All Is Dust
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Victimize
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
-6%synergy
Agadeem's Awakening
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Ruination
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Yahenni's Expertise
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Blasphemous Edict
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
0%synergy
Demonic Counsel
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Shatterskull Smashing
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Exsanguinate
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
-1%synergy
Buried Alive
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
4%synergy
Twinflame
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Change of Fortune
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Molten Duplication
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Living Death
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
5%synergy
Mana Geyser
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
-3%synergy
Spectacular Showdown
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Sign in Blood
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
-14%synergy
Sundering Eruption
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
4%synergy
Incendiary Command
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Rise of the Dark Realms
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
5%synergy
Reforge the Soul
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Nuclear Fallout
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Utility Artifacts
Copper Tablet
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
45%synergy
Shadowspear
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
41%synergy
Mithril Coat
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
22%synergy
Barbed Wire
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
26%synergy
Whip of Erebos
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
12%synergy
Mindcrank
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
17%synergy
Swiftfoot Boots
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
-14%synergy
Basilisk Collar
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Fire Nation Turret
17%inclusion1 decks6 decks
12%synergy
Black Mage's Rod
10%inclusion1 decks10 decks
-1%synergy
Sensei's Divining Top
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
The Reaver Cleaver
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
4%synergy
Cursed Totem
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Wishclaw Talisman
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Conqueror's Flail
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Commander's Plate
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Hammer of Nazahn
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Enchantments
Sulfuric Vortex
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
41%synergy
Animate Dead
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
35%synergy
Manabarbs
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
31%synergy
Fiery Emancipation
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
30%synergy
Spellshock
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
34%synergy
Spiteful Visions
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
28%synergy
Descent into Avernus
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
17%synergy
Pyrostatic Pillar
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
27%synergy
The Meathook Massacre
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
14%synergy
Dance of the Dead
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
16%synergy
Burning Earth
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
17%synergy
Underworld Breach
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
11%synergy
City on Fire
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
12%synergy
Exquisite Blood
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
11%synergy
Necropotence
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
12%synergy
Wound Reflection
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
13%synergy
Painful Quandary
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
12%synergy
Black Market Connections
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
1%synergy
Maximum Carnage
13%inclusion1 decks8 decks
11%synergy
Fated Firepower
11%inclusion1 decks9 decks
8%synergy
Super State
10%inclusion1 decks10 decks
8%synergy
Waste Not
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Polluted Bonds
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Ancient Runes
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Heart of Bogardan
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Citadel of Pain
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Dictate of the Twin Gods
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
5%synergy
All Will Be One
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Grievous Wound
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Aether Sting
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Megrim
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Quest for Pure Flame
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Gratuitous Violence
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Smoke
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Blood Moon
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Pyrohemia
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
The Rollercrusher Ride
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Havoc Festival
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Kaya's Ghostform
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
4%synergy
Stranglehold
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Forsaken Wastes
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
War's Toll
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Rain of Gore
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Spiked Corridor // Torture Pit
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Planeswalkers
Chandra, Awakened Inferno
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
14%synergy
Utility Lands
Arena of Glory
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
46%synergy
Takenuma, Abandoned Mire
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
36%synergy
Shizo, Death's Storehouse
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
31%synergy
Bojuka Bog
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
1%synergy
Urza's Saga
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
30%synergy
Phyrexian Tower
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
17%synergy
Cabal Coffers
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
17%synergy
Reliquary Tower
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Witch's Clinic
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
11%synergy
Shinka, the Bloodsoaked Keep
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
16%synergy
Field of the Dead
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
17%synergy
City of Traitors
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
17%synergy
Lindblum, Industrial Regency
10%inclusion1 decks10 decks
0%synergy
Midgar, City of Mako
10%inclusion1 decks10 decks
3%synergy
Cabal Stronghold
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Valakut, the Molten Pinnacle
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
The Black Gate
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Crypt of Agadeem
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Spymaster's Vault
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Emergence Zone
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Command Beacon
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Nykthos, Shrine to Nyx
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Minas Morgul, Dark Fortress
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Peat Bog
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
9%synergy
Castle Locthwain
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Leechridden Swamp
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
0%synergy
Field of Ruin
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Mana Artifacts
Sol Ring
100%inclusion11 decks11 decks
14%synergy
Arcane Signet
91%inclusion10 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Talisman of Indulgence
82%inclusion9 decks11 decks
26%synergy
Lotus Petal
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
47%synergy
Thought Vessel
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
27%synergy
Rakdos Signet
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
-24%synergy
Mana Vault
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
31%synergy
Fellwar Stone
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
2%synergy
Mox Amber
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
23%synergy
Mox Opal
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
14%synergy
Lion's Eye Diamond
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
15%synergy
Grim Monolith
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Decanter of Endless Water
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Liquimetal Torque
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
4%synergy
Lands
Command Tower
100%inclusion11 decks11 decks
14%synergy
Blood Crypt
100%inclusion11 decks11 decks
55%synergy
Badlands
91%inclusion10 decks11 decks
78%synergy
Swamp
91%inclusion10 decks11 decks
-7%synergy
Bloodstained Mire
91%inclusion10 decks11 decks
58%synergy
Raucous Theater
82%inclusion9 decks11 decks
60%synergy
Luxury Suite
82%inclusion9 decks11 decks
43%synergy
Mount Doom
82%inclusion9 decks11 decks
65%synergy
Mountain
82%inclusion9 decks11 decks
-16%synergy
Blazemire Verge
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
43%synergy
Mana Confluence
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
67%synergy
Polluted Delta
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
65%synergy
Sulfurous Springs
73%inclusion8 decks11 decks
27%synergy
Arid Mesa
64%inclusion7 decks11 decks
55%synergy
Marsh Flats
64%inclusion7 decks11 decks
55%synergy
Dragonskull Summit
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
-8%synergy
Wooded Foothills
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
47%synergy
Verdant Catacombs
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
47%synergy
Scalding Tarn
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
47%synergy
Haunted Ridge
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
19%synergy
City of Brass
55%inclusion6 decks11 decks
48%synergy
Blightstep Pathway
45%inclusion5 decks11 decks
22%synergy
Prismatic Vista
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
31%synergy
Exotic Orchard
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
5%synergy
Graven Cairns
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Gemstone Caverns
36%inclusion4 decks11 decks
32%synergy
Fell the Profane
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
15%synergy
Cavern of Souls
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
23%synergy
Tainted Peak
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
-15%synergy
Valakut Awakening
27%inclusion3 decks11 decks
19%synergy
Fabled Passage
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
10%synergy
Smoldering Marsh
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
-45%synergy
Blackcleave Cliffs
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
-2%synergy
Reflecting Pool
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
15%synergy
Malakir Rebirth
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Pinnacle Monk
18%inclusion2 decks11 decks
11%synergy
Shadowblood Ridge
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
-26%synergy
Agadeem's Awakening
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Ash Barrens
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
2%synergy
Horizon of Progress
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Valgavoth's Lair
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
8%synergy
Boggart Trawler
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
3%synergy
Shatterskull Smashing
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Sundering Eruption
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
4%synergy
Snow-Covered Mountain
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
6%synergy
Forbidden Orchard
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
7%synergy
Snow-Covered Swamp
9.1%inclusion1 decks11 decks
5%synergy